First and Last Praise be to Allah:
In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful
Introduction/Muqadimah
All praise is due to Allah, who was before everything and will be after everything. He is the Ever-Subsistent. He never declines and He has power over everything. He created creation without seeing any pattern. He is alone and alone and free from number. He will remain after everything. There is no limit to His existence or end. All greatness and majesty are for Him and for Him is beauty and perfection. All kinds of dominance and control over everything are due to His being. The kingdom and all kinds of power are with Him. He is free from any partner in His kingdom. He is also free from any partner in His oneness. He is also free from anyone helping Him or dominating Him in His plans and actions. He is free from any defect in children and wives. Our intellect cannot encompass His essence, nor can we encompass Him in the confines of the universe. Our eyes do not have the power to see Him, while He sees everything. He is the most subtle and aware of everything.
I am grateful for His blessings and I seek guidance from Allah in words and actions that will bring me closer to Him and please Him with me, and I believe in Him sincerely and declare His Oneness and Greatness as a pure and pure gift for Him.
The Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him):
And I bear witness that there is no god but He, He is alone, He has no partner, and I bear witness that Muhammad is His noble servant and the most trustworthy Messenger in Islam.
Allah, the Exalted, has chosen him for the mission of Prophethood and has honored him with the honor of revelation and sent him as a caller to the creation of God so that he may call the creation to worship and obey Him.
So he publicly called for the commands of Allah Almighty and endured the hardships and hardships that occurred on this path and fulfilled the right of goodwill towards the creation of God and this time he did not neglect or leave any slack in fulfilling the trust and finally the call came to him from Allah Almighty.
May God have mercy on him and grant him peace.
Creation of the heavens and the earth:
Undoubtedly, Allah, Whose glory is very high and whose name is very pure, created all creatures without any personal purpose. He has no purpose in creating the creatures, but by His grace and mercy, He brought the earthly and heavenly universe into existence, and then, by making some of them responsible, He taught them to distinguish between good and evil, and He also tested them in their worship and obedience, so that whoever among them succeeds in worship and obedience, may praise and thank Him, so that Allah may increase His blessings upon him, increase His grace and favor upon him, and bestow His favor upon him. Allah, the Most High, says in the Holy Quran:
I have not created the jinn and mankind except that they should worship Me. I do not ask of them any provision, nor do I ask that they feed Me. Indeed, Allah Himself is the Provider, the Mighty and the Exalted.
(Surah Al-Dhariyat, Verse 56-57) Despite creating all these creatures, His kingdom and dominion did not increase by even an atom, and even if He destroyed and annihilated them all, His kingdom and dominion would not decrease by even an atom. This is because the changes of circumstances do not affect Him. The states of happiness and sadness do not affect Him. The rotation of days cannot reduce His reign, because He is time itself and is the owner and creator of all kinds of rotation of the heavens.
All are beneficial through His grace, favor, and generosity. Allah Almighty has bestowed upon people ears to hear, eyes to see, and hearts to understand, and has bestowed upon them the precious treasure of sound reason, by which they distinguish between right and wrong. And they know their profit and loss. Allah has spread out the earth for mankind, that they may walk on its clear and clear paths, and has made the sky a safe roof, and has raised it to a height, and has sent down from it abundant rain, and has sent down sustenance in a prescribed measure, and has caused the sun and the moon to run back and forth for the benefit of His creation, as a result of which day and night appear. He has made the night a garment for people, and has made the day a means of earning a living. This rising and setting of the sun and the moon, and this coming and going of day and night, is a great favor of Allah Almighty to His servants. Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:
See, We have made the night and the day two signs. We have made the sign of the night dark and the sign of the day bright, that you may seek the bounty of your Lord and that you may know the reckoning of the months and the years. Thus have We made all things distinct.
(Surah Bani Israel, Verse 12)
In addition, the times of performing religious duties are also known from the day and night, which are related to the hours of the day and night and the months and the years, such as the five daily prayers, zakat, Hajj, fasting, etc. Similarly, the time for transactions, payment of debts or other rights, as Allah Almighty says in the Holy Quran:
"O Prophet! People ask you about the phases of the moon. These are signs for the people to determine dates and for the pilgrimage." (Surah Al-Baqarah, verse 189)
In another place, Allah says:
He it is Who has made the sun a pillar and made the moon a lamp and determined its phases so that you may know the reckoning of years and dates. Allah has created all this in truth. He makes His signs clear for a people who know. Indeed, in the night and the day, and in everything that Allah has created in the heavens and the earth, are signs for a people who fear Allah.
(Surah Yunus, verses 5-6)
All these blessings are only a favor from Allah, and when the servant turns to his Lord with feelings of gratitude and gratitude, Allah increases His favors even more.
In the Holy Quran itself, Allah Almighty has made this promise:
And remember that your Lord warned you that if you are grateful, I will give you more, but if you are ungrateful, then indeed My punishment is severe. (Surah Ibrahim, verse 7)
When a large group of the children of Adam chose the path of gratitude, Allah Almighty increased the previous and initial blessings according to His promise. This statement was only about worldly blessings, but entry into the Paradise full of blessings and its eternal blessings are reserved for these grateful servants upon their arrival there.
Similarly, a large group chose the path of ingratitude and disbelief in Allah's blessings, instead of worshipping Allah Almighty, they bowed their heads to the threshold of others, so Allah Almighty not only took away the blessings given to them but also sent down a deadly punishment on them, which was not only painful but also became a lesson for others. Among these ungrateful people, Allah Almighty provided an opportunity to benefit greatly from His blessings in this worldly life, which they considered as proof of their acceptance with Allah Almighty, although it was a concession given by Allah Almighty, so Allah Almighty has prepared for them a severe punishment in the Hereafter, which they have been destined to suffer.
O Allah! We seek refuge in You from the punishment and do not make us companions of the misguided. We seek refuge in Allah Almighty from such actions that cause His displeasure and ask for the success of such actions that cause His pleasure, love and closeness, Amen, O Lord of the Worlds.
In this book of mine, I will mention the kings of every era, in addition to the story of the rise of the previous nations, I will also mention all their circumstances and events, and the blessings and rewards bestowed upon them. In this book of mine, I will write these events in the style of three different groups.
The first group:
Those who appreciated and were grateful for the blessings of Allah Almighty and followed in the footsteps of the Prophets (peace be upon them) and their children and followers, as a result of which the grace and blessings of Allah Almighty increased in this world and the eternal blessings of Paradise are available for them in the Hereafter.
The second group:
Those who disobeyed Allah Almighty, were ungrateful to His blessings and not only disobeyed the Prophets but also fought against them, as a result of which a painful punishment was inflicted on them by Allah Almighty in this world and they were made a sign for others and Hell is prepared for them in the Hereafter as well. And I
The third group:
Those people who, as a result of their ingratitude and disobedience, were not punished by God in this world, but were given a great deal of respite and respite so that they would fully deserve punishment in the Hereafter. They will have to suffer the punishment for all their misdeeds and evil deeds together in the Hereafter, so this group will suffer their share of punishment in the Hereafter.
I will not only mention these nations and peoples, but I will also tell you when they were and what events and incidents happened to them. Although it is not possible to describe all of them in a human lifetime, I will try to highlight their situations and events as much as humanly possible.
However, before that, I will explain some things that I feel are necessary. For example, the nature of time, its extent, its beginning and end, and whether Allah Almighty created some things before it. Is this time perishable or not, and will anything remain after its annihilation or not? What existed before the creation of time and what will remain after its annihilation?
What was the initial state of its existence and what will be the state of its annihilation? Also, the statement that Allah Almighty is eternal and has no decay, and the arguments for this will also be explained.
My aim and intention is to explain the history of the past kings, the ages of the Prophets and Messengers, the conditions of their caliphs, the limits of their wilayah, and the events and incidents that occurred during their time. In this way, this series continued like the end of the Prophet of the Last Days, this Prophet of the Last Days, the last messenger, the intercessor of the nations, Hazrat Muhammad Mustafa.
If the help of nature is present and Allah Almighty wills and helps me, then at the end of all this, the help of the Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon them) will be present and Allah wills. At the end, the circumstances of the Companions of the Prophet (peace be upon them) during the month of Khwan, their names, surnames, genealogies, ages, time of death and the place where they died, all such matters will be described. After that, the followers and the successors of the followers will be mentioned in the same manner.
In addition, some additional matters, such as the statement of the acceptance of hadiths and the mention of those whose narrations have been praised in the hadith and whose narrations have been honored with acceptance.
Similarly, the mention of those whose narrations have been condemned in the hadith and whose narrations have been abandoned, their copies have been declared weak and their hadiths have been declared weak, along with the reasons and causes due to which the narrations have been called obsolete and weak.
I seek help from Allah Almighty in this work of mine and seek His success. Indeed, He is the supporter and helper in avoiding sin and giving power to do good.
Note!
May blessings and peace be upon Muhammad, the Prophet and his family.
The reader of this book should keep in mind that the main content of what will be described in this book regarding the previous details are the hadiths and works that will be described at this point. The results of rational arguments and intellectual deductions will be written very little and as needed.
Because the knowledge of the past and the events of the past can be obtained by a people who have not seen them with their own eyes only from the reports and statements of those who report them, while we cannot acquire knowledge of these situations through rational deduction and intellectual inference.
Therefore, if the reader of any news or tradition in this book of ours considers it strange or the listener considers it ugly just because he does not consider it to be true, then he should know that we have not embellished or colored it on our part, but some of the narrators have reached us in the same way, so we have written them down in the same way as they reached us. From them, we only convey the message.
Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Jarir al-Tabari Madiha
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